According to authorities in both countries, Ukrainian attacks on Russia have killed at least nine people, while Russian strikes on Ukraine have caused at least five deaths. The exchanges are taking place as both Moscow and Kyiv show signs of stepping up reciprocal attacks, nearly four and a half years into the draining war.

United Nations data indicate that civilian casualties in Ukraine have risen sharply this year due to Russia’s increased use of long-range missiles that are difficult to intercept. At the same time, Kyiv has launched waves of retaliatory strikes against Russia, including on energy facilities and retail warehouses, aiming to pressure Moscow to enter negotiations to end its offensive.

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